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Perimeter security glossary - H
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H
Hand-Carried Bomb
Any type of portable bomb, usually contained in a form that would blend easily with the target surroundings, for example, suitcases, handbags, briefcases, and video cassette boxes.
Hand Grenades
Small explosive or chemical-type munitions that are designed to be thrown at short range. Classes include fragmentation, smoke and illumination grenades. All grenades have a body, a fuse with a pull ring and safety clip assembly, and a filler. See Burning Grenade, Bursting Grenade, Expulsion Grenade, Grenade, Rocket Propelled Grenade.
Harassing Fire
Weapons fire designed to lower morale of the troops under fire through denial of sleep, noise, and constant danger. Usually sustained or sporadic over a long period of time.
Hard Target
A building, piece of critical infrastructure (i.e. dam, power plant, utility company, etc.) or other commercial or non-commercial entity, that has rigid security measures in place to include barriers, cameras, guards, etc. See Barriers, Infrastructure.
Hardened (target/bunker/building)
A structure that has been designed/modified to withstand blast, shock and other weapon effects. See Blast, Blast Wave, Shock Wave.
Hardened Container
A container, usually used for shipping, that by its construction and strength provides protection against unauthorized access and may also reveal intrusion attempts.
Hardening
Enhancements to make an object or material more difficult to penetrate. The process of identifying and fixing vulnerabilities on a building, system, or other infrastructure. See Infrastructure.
HAS
Acronym for Hardened Aircraft Shelter. See Hardened.
Hasty Fighting Position
The initial stage in the development of a foxhole or a defensive fighting position. It consists whatever objects, such as dirt or logs, can be used to provide cover. As the name implies it can be set up quickly with little effort, but provides a minimum of protection. Eventually, the hasty fighting position will be developed into a Defensive Fighting Position.
Hazard Analysis
A process for determining loss exposure and loss potential by comparing loss history against applicable standards.
Hazard Control
A means of reducing the risk due to exposure to a hazard. Such means may include: ergonomic designing of work stations and equipment; arranging, safety-guarding and interlocking of equipment; barricading of pedestrian and vehicular traffic routes; controlling exposure to toxic materials; wearing protective gear; and using hazard annunciators.
Hazard Mitigation
Any action taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to human life and property from hazards. The term is sometimes used in a stricter sense to mean cost-effective measures to reduce the potential for damage to a facility or facilities from a disaster event (FEMA definition). See Mitigation.
Hazard Surveillance
An assessment of the occurrence, distribution, and secular trends relating to different levels of hazards (e.g., toxic chemical agents, physical agents, biomechanical stressors, and biologic agents) that are responsible for disease and injury.
Hazardous Fragment
A hazardous fragment is one having an impact energy of 58 ft-lbs. or greater. See Fragmentation, Fragmentation Zone, Fragmentation Velocity, Secondary Fragmentation.
Hazardous Fragment Density
A density of hazardous fragments exceeding one per 600 square feet. See Fragmentation, Fragmentation Zone, Fragmentation Velocity, Secondary Fragmentation.
Hazardous Material
Any substance or material that when involved in an accident and released in sufficient quantities, poses a risk to people's health, safety, and/or property. These substances and materials include explosives, radioactive materials, flammable liquids or solids, combustible liquids or solids, poisons, oxidizers, toxins, and corrosive materials (FEMA definition). Any materials designated as hazardous by the Environmental Protection Agency. Also called Hazmat.
Heavy Antitank Weapon
A missile, rocket or gun designed to destroy or disable enemy armored vehicles. See Armored Fighting Vehicle, Armored Personnel Carrier, Rocket Propelled Grenade.
Heavy Machine Gun (HMG)
A machine gun with a larger caliber than a GPMG. Its mostly mounted on vehicles with the main of air defense. (Examples: Browning caliber .50 HMG). See Light Machine Gun.
Helibase
The main location for parking, fueling, maintenance and loading of helicopters operating in support of an incident. It is usually located at or near the Incident Base. See Helipad.
Helicopter Accommodations
The availability of either a helipad or another site (not specifically designated as a helipad) where a helicopter could land safely. See Helipad.
Helipad
Helicopter landing area. See
Helibase.
Hesco Bastion
A protective barrier composed of Hesco Concertainer® products composed of a steel welded mesh with a non-woven polypropylene geo-textile insert. This insert is filled with dirt or sand and expands to create a square container with no top.
High Explosive (HE)
An explosive with a rapid burning rate. On detonation, a high explosive will have a shattering effect on objects in the immediate area. TNT, RDX, nitroglycerin, dynamite, pentaerythritoltetranitrate, and various plastic explosives are types of high explosives.
High Explosives Equivalent or TNT Equivalent
The amount of a standard explosives which, when detonated, will produce a blast effect comparable to the effect that results at the same distance from the detonation or explosion of a given amount of the material for which performance has been evaluated. It is usually expressed as a percentage of the total net weight of all reactive materials contained in the item or system.
High-Hazard Areas
Geographic locations that for planning purposes have been determined through historical experience and vulnerability analysis to be likely to experience the effects of a specific hazard (e.g., hurricane, earthquake, hazardous materials accident, etc.) resulting in vast property damage and loss of life (FEMA definition). See Disaster, Emergency.
High-Level Waste
Highly radioactive waste material from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel (including liquid waste produced directly in reprocessing and any solid waste derived from the liquid) that contains a combination of transuranic waste and fission products in concentrations requiring permanent isolation.
High-Order Explosion
An explosion characterized by an extremely rapid combustion, known as detonation reaction, occurring through the action of high explosives. High-order explosions are those manifesting a velocity of detonation greater than 1000 meters per second. See Explosives, Low Order Explosion.
High-Risk Target
Any U.S. - material resource or facility that, because of mission sensitivity, ease of access, isolation, and symbolic value, may be an especially attractive or accessible terrorist target. See High-Value Target.
High-Value Target
A target of high importance to the enemy forces ability to wage war, and therefore a primary objective of offensive operations. A primary target selected by terrorists to have physiological effects. See High-Risk Target.
High Velocity, Low Angle Fragments
Term used to describe fragments generated by explosions moving at high speed and a low angle, moving laterally or along the level of the ground or surface. Earthen berms or earth filled revetment structures can be effective in minimizing or neutralizing the impact of high velocity, low angle fragments although the structures might be sacrificed. See A1 Revetment, B1 Revetment, Corrugated Metal Revetment, Expeditionary Earth Filled Protective Barriers, , Revetment, Metalith.
HMMWV (Humvee)
The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle is a type of four-wheeled drive utility vehicle. See Armored Personnel Carrier.
Hoax Tactic
A false statement of intent, (usually a bomb threat). The relative ease and safety for the aggressor makes this an attractive tactic. The aggressor's goals are to disrupt operations at a facility, break the moral of personnel, and force personnel to evacuate a secured area leaving them open to attack.
Homeland Security
A
concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce America's vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage and recover from attacks that do occur - Homeland security includes federal, state, and local governments, the private sector and individual citizens.
Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS)
A system of color-coded rankings to warn the nation of terrorist threats posed against America. The five-level warning system is designed to provide guidance to law enforcement and other public agencies, citizens and the private sector. HSAS does this by establishing five threat level conditions with associated protective measures that should be taken by government agencies in response. For every level of threat, there is a coordinated level of preparedness. See Department of Homeland Security, Office of Homeland Security.
Homeland Security Advisory System Elevated Condition (Yellow)
An Elevated Condition is declared when there is a significant risk of terrorist attacks. See Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS).
Homeland Security Advisory System Guarded Condition (Blue)
This condition is declared when there is a general risk of terrorist attacks. See Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS).
Homeland Security Advisory System High Condition (Orange)
A High Condition is declared when there is a high risk of terrorist attacks. See Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS).
Homeland Security Advisory System Low Condition (Green)
This condition is declared when there is a low risk of terrorist attacks. See Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS).
Homeland Security Advisory System Severe Condition (Red)
A Severe Condition reflects a severe risk of terrorist attacks. Under most circumstances, the Protective Measures for a Severe Condition are not intended to be sustained for substantial periods of time. See Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS).
Homeland Security Council
White House Council coordinating work of agencies overseen by Office of Homeland Security. Currently headed by Michael Chertoff. Members include attorney general; defense, treasury, health and human services and agriculture secretaries; directors of FBI and FEMA. See Office of Homeland Security, FEMA.
Homemade Napalm
An improvised incendiary comprised of gasoline in combination with soap, lye, castor oil, blood, or salt.
Homicide Bombing
The White House coined the term to replace the old "suicide bombings."
Hostage Tactic
Kidnapping of an individual (usually senior executives) or hijacking of an aircraft in order to seize the passengers. The aggressor detains the hostage(s) is in a position to make demands against the safety of the victims. The aggressor's goal is to gain something in exchange for the safety of the hostages.
Hot Spot
A place in a radiation-contaminated area in which the level of contamination is considerably greater than in nearby areas.
Human-Caused Hazard
Human caused hazards are technological hazards and terrorism. These are distinct from natural hazards primarily in that they originate from human activity. Within the military services, the term threat is typically used for human-caused hazard. See Technological Hazards, Terrorism.
Hurricane
A tropical cyclone, formed in the atmosphere over warm ocean areas, in which wind speeds reach 74 miles per hour or more and blow in a large spiral around a relatively calm center or "eye". Circulation is counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere (FEMA definition). See Emergency, FEMA, Natural Disaster.
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